The authors, all three of whom are involved in caring for adolescents in war zones as part of Doctors Without Borders, describe the traumatic semiology with reference to two parameters allowing for much variability: age and cultural context. They show the complexity of the semiology by means of a clinical history. Lastly, they analyze some parameters that must be established in order to recognize and treat the impact of trauma on these adolescents who are in pain, tragically hopeless and who sometimes conceal their suffering behind the mask of the hero, of violence and of transgression.